Architecture

For executives: Ring is a white-label platform — one codebase, many branded deployments. Production rings run PostgreSQL-primary on Kubernetes with optional Firebase for push only, unified payments via PaymentConductor, and locale-aware routing without auth redirect loops.

Ring Platform v1.6.0 is a white-label Next.js application with a single DatabaseService contract, config-driven payments, and optional Web3/token layers per clone. This page is the architecture hub; each topic below has a dedicated deep-dive page.

Platform at a glance

Dimension	Ring approach
Application	Next.js 16 App Router, React 19 Server Components, Tailwind 4
Data (production default)	`DB_BACKEND_MODE=k8s-postgres-fcm` — Postgres + PostGIS, JSONB-first schema
Auth	Auth.js v5 — layout-level `auth()`, slim `proxy.ts` for locale only
Payments	PaymentConductor — WayForPay, Stripe, ledger + webhooks
Realtime	TunnelHub — native WSS (`/api/tunnel/ws`) on k8s; SSE/poll on Vercel; driven by `RING_DEPLOY_TARGET`
Files	Vercel Blob or clone-specific object storage
Deploy target	k3s (ringdom.org rings) — not Vercel-hosted Postgres
Extension	White-label env, portal config, per-clone token contracts

System map

Ring Platform — logical layers

Architecture deep dives

Backend modes & databases

DB_BACKEND_MODE matrix — Postgres vs Firebase vs Supabase, FCM-only Firebase, Tunnel vs SQL backend

Data model

JSONB-first schema, PostGIS, collections contract, migrations

Authentication

Auth.js v5 providers, JWT sessions, Postgres adapter, role gates

Cross-cutting flows

Commerce + membership

Store checkout flows through PaymentConductor (fiat) or RING credit / on-chain subscription (Web3-enabled clones). Settlement, vendor referral commission, and platform token rewards are documented under PaymentConductor, Affiliate enablement, and ERP commissions.

Content + locale

Public pages use next-intl with shared label modules. News and docs content are per-locale files under docs/{locale}/. EN is canonical unless LOCALE-GAPS marks a condensed UK/RU summary.

White-label clones

Operators fork the Ring repo, set portal branding, choose database mode, and optionally enable token economics — see White-label quick start and Token economics.

v1.6.0 baseline: Postgres-primary + PaymentConductor + slim proxy + locale system. Start with Backend modes, then Environment configuration. Hub layout patterns: Documentation components.

DB_HYBRID_MODE ≠ DB_BACKEND_MODE. Use DB_BACKEND_MODE for all new deployments; see backend-modes page for legacy hybrid references.

Architecture

Platform at a glance

Dimension	Ring approach
Application	Next.js 16 App Router, React 19 Server Components, Tailwind 4
Data (production default)	`DB_BACKEND_MODE=k8s-postgres-fcm` — Postgres + PostGIS, JSONB-first schema
Auth	Auth.js v5 — layout-level `auth()`, slim `proxy.ts` for locale only
Payments	PaymentConductor — WayForPay, Stripe, ledger + webhooks
Realtime	TunnelHub — native WSS (`/api/tunnel/ws`) on k8s; SSE/poll on Vercel; driven by `RING_DEPLOY_TARGET`
Files	Vercel Blob or clone-specific object storage
Deploy target	k3s (ringdom.org rings) — not Vercel-hosted Postgres
Extension	White-label env, portal config, per-clone token contracts

System map

Ring Platform — logical layers

Architecture deep dives

Backend modes & databases

DB_BACKEND_MODE matrix — Postgres vs Firebase vs Supabase, FCM-only Firebase, Tunnel vs SQL backend

Data model

JSONB-first schema, PostGIS, collections contract, migrations

Authentication

Auth.js v5 providers, JWT sessions, Postgres adapter, role gates

Cross-cutting flows

Commerce + membership

Content + locale

Public pages use next-intl with shared label modules. News and docs content are per-locale files under docs/{locale}/. EN is canonical unless LOCALE-GAPS marks a condensed UK/RU summary.

White-label clones

Operators fork the Ring repo, set portal branding, choose database mode, and optionally enable token economics — see White-label quick start and Token economics.

v1.6.0 baseline: Postgres-primary + PaymentConductor + slim proxy + locale system. Start with Backend modes, then Environment configuration. Hub layout patterns: Documentation components.

DB_HYBRID_MODE ≠ DB_BACKEND_MODE. Use DB_BACKEND_MODE for all new deployments; see backend-modes page for legacy hybrid references.

Architecture

Platform at a glance

Dimension	Ring approach
Application	Next.js 16 App Router, React 19 Server Components, Tailwind 4
Data (production default)	`DB_BACKEND_MODE=k8s-postgres-fcm` — Postgres + PostGIS, JSONB-first schema
Auth	Auth.js v5 — layout-level `auth()`, slim `proxy.ts` for locale only
Payments	PaymentConductor — WayForPay, Stripe, ledger + webhooks
Realtime	TunnelHub — native WSS (`/api/tunnel/ws`) on k8s; SSE/poll on Vercel; driven by `RING_DEPLOY_TARGET`
Files	Vercel Blob or clone-specific object storage
Deploy target	k3s (ringdom.org rings) — not Vercel-hosted Postgres
Extension	White-label env, portal config, per-clone token contracts

System map

Ring Platform — logical layers

Architecture deep dives

Backend modes & databases

DB_BACKEND_MODE matrix — Postgres vs Firebase vs Supabase, FCM-only Firebase, Tunnel vs SQL backend

Data model

JSONB-first schema, PostGIS, collections contract, migrations

Authentication

Auth.js v5 providers, JWT sessions, Postgres adapter, role gates

Cross-cutting flows

Commerce + membership

Content + locale

Public pages use next-intl with shared label modules. News and docs content are per-locale files under docs/{locale}/. EN is canonical unless LOCALE-GAPS marks a condensed UK/RU summary.

White-label clones

Operators fork the Ring repo, set portal branding, choose database mode, and optionally enable token economics — see White-label quick start and Token economics.

v1.6.0 baseline: Postgres-primary + PaymentConductor + slim proxy + locale system. Start with Backend modes, then Environment configuration. Hub layout patterns: Documentation components.

DB_HYBRID_MODE ≠ DB_BACKEND_MODE. Use DB_BACKEND_MODE for all new deployments; see backend-modes page for legacy hybrid references.

Request path

Code landmarks

Concern	Where to read
Locale proxy	`proxy.ts`, `lib/proxy-intl.ts`
Auth enforcement	`(authenticated)/[locale]/layout.tsx`, `auth.config.ts`
DB mode switch	`lib/database/backend-mode-config.ts`
Payments	`features/store/services/payment-conductor*`
Schema SSOT	`data/schema.sql`

Component layering

Hooks — data fetching, wallet credit, realtime subscriptions
Feature components — store, messages, wallet sections (reusable across routes)
Pages — compose features; no direct adapter calls from presentation components

Request path

Code landmarks

Concern	Where to read
Locale proxy	`proxy.ts`, `lib/proxy-intl.ts`
Auth enforcement	`(authenticated)/[locale]/layout.tsx`, `auth.config.ts`
DB mode switch	`lib/database/backend-mode-config.ts`
Payments	`features/store/services/payment-conductor*`
Schema SSOT	`data/schema.sql`

Component layering

Hooks — data fetching, wallet credit, realtime subscriptions
Feature components — store, messages, wallet sections (reusable across routes)
Pages — compose features; no direct adapter calls from presentation components

Request path

Code landmarks

Concern	Where to read
Locale proxy	`proxy.ts`, `lib/proxy-intl.ts`
Auth enforcement	`(authenticated)/[locale]/layout.tsx`, `auth.config.ts`
DB mode switch	`lib/database/backend-mode-config.ts`
Payments	`features/store/services/payment-conductor*`
Schema SSOT	`data/schema.sql`

Component layering

Hooks — data fetching, wallet credit, realtime subscriptions
Feature components — store, messages, wallet sections (reusable across routes)
Pages — compose features; no direct adapter calls from presentation components

Documentation

Documentation

Documentation

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Documentation

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Quick entry (CTOs · auditors · agents)

Quick entry (CTOs · auditors · agents)

Quick entry (CTOs · auditors · agents)

Architecture

Platform at a glance

System map

Architecture deep dives

Backend modes & databases

Data model

Authentication

Cross-cutting flows

Commerce + membership

Content + locale

White-label clones

Architecture

Platform at a glance

System map

Architecture deep dives

Backend modes & databases

Data model

Authentication

Cross-cutting flows

Commerce + membership

Content + locale

White-label clones

Architecture

Platform at a glance

System map

Architecture deep dives

Backend modes & databases

Data model

Authentication

Cross-cutting flows

Commerce + membership

Content + locale

White-label clones

Request path

Proxy & internationalization

PaymentConductor

Email AI-CRM

Discovery mutation sync

News Kingdom

Refcodes

Real-time

Security

Request path

Proxy & internationalization

PaymentConductor

Email AI-CRM

Discovery mutation sync

News Kingdom

Refcodes

Real-time

Security

Request path

Proxy & internationalization

PaymentConductor

Email AI-CRM

Discovery mutation sync

News Kingdom

Refcodes

Real-time

Security